高考重大信息解读】
语篇型语法填空题的形式为：在一篇200词左右的语篇（短文或对话）中留出10处空白，部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容或所提供单词的正确形式，所填写词语不得多于3个单词。考生须灵活运用语法知识，如单词词性、动词时态、名词单复数、连接词、代词、冠词等判断各空白处应填写的内容。
【语篇型语法填空题对高中英语教学的启示】
语篇型语法填空题旨在考查考生在阅读理解的基础上对语法和语用知识的掌握情况，着重考查考生的综合语言运用能力。其“突出语篇，强调运用”的命题思路，不仅充分体现了语言测试的交际性原则，也很好地体现了高中英语课程改革的教学理念，与《课程标准》所提出的英语课程的性质完全吻合。因此，在高中英语教学中加强学生相应能力的培养，不仅符合《课程标准》的要求，也能够增强考生应对此新题型的能力，从而实现教考相互促进的良性循环。
首先，要转变态度，改变中学英语学习中存在的过分强调语法规则而忽视其语用功能，过分重视接受性技能的学习而忽视产出性语言技能培养的现象。学生们要加强听、说、读、写综合能力的发展，多进行语言产出和交际的机会，将学习英语的关注点转移到语言的社会功能和实际运用上来。
其次，要加强对学生语篇逻辑分析能力和精细阅读能力的培养。可以通过精读教学、课外阅读、写作练习等方式，促进学生的语篇分析能力和对语言的理解力和控制力的发展。
再次，应该继续重视语言的准确性。语法和词汇知识是综合语言运用能力的基础，因此巩固对语言基本知识的掌握依然重要。但语法和词汇不是孤立的语言项目，语法和词汇知识的学习要和真实的交际场景和语篇运用紧密结合起来。
最后，进行恰当的适应性训练有助于增强学生应对此题型的能力。语篇型语法填空题取代单句型语言知识运用题之后，基于语篇的针对性练习势必比句子层次的语言知识练习更能满足学生的需求和测试的要求。
（一）短文体
One of my father’sfavorite 1 (say) as I was growing up was “Try it!” I couldn’t say Ididn’t like something, 2 itmight be, until after I tried it. Over the years I’ve come to realize how much of my success I owe to my 3 (accept) of those words as one of my values. My firstjob was just one I decided to try for a couple of years until I determined whatI wanted to do as a career. 4 (actual) I believed I would work for a few years,get 5 (marry), stay home and raise afamily, so I didn’t think the job I took mattered that much. Icouldn’t 6 more mistaken. I masteredthe skills of that 7 (begin) levelposition and I was given the opportunity (机会) to moveup through the company into 8 (differ)positions. I accepted each new opportunity with the thought, “Well, I’ll tryit; 9 I don’t like it I can alwaysgo back to my 10 (early) position.” But I waswith the same company for the past 28 years.
（二）对话体
Mum: (putting on her coat) I’m going to have to godown to the shop for more bread.
Alan: Why?
Mum: I’m notsure what 1 (happen). I made some sandwichesearlier and left them on the table 2 Iwent to answer the phone. But someone must have taken them becausethey’re 3 (go).
Alan: Oh, it must have been Dad. I’m sure hewas in the kitchen 4 (early).
Mum: No, he went off to his tennis matchbefore I finished 5 (make) them, so he couldn’t havedone it. 6 , he couldn’t carry a plate ofsandwiches as well as all his tennis stuff, so I’m sure 7 wasn’thim.
Alan: (opening the fridge door) Well, itwasn’t me. But Mum, look! Are these your sandwiches here on the bottom shelfof 8 fridge?
Mum: Are they there? Oh, my goodness.I 9 (put) them in there when thephone rang. Oh, dear. I really must be losing my 10 .Now, why did I put on my coat?
语法填空练习(附答案)
阅读下面短文，根据上下文填入适当的词语，或使用括号中的词语的适当形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡上标号的相应位置。
(1)
The Internet has become part of youngpeople’s life. ____1____ report shows that 38% of students often use theInternet . Most of them get _____2____ (use) information on the Internet____3____ use the Internet to help in their studies. But many students don’tuse it _____4____ a good way. Some play games too much, some visit websites____5____ shouldn’t look at. So bad things may happen ____6___ students spendtoo much time on the Internet.
_____7____ is important for students to usethe Internet properly. Now we have a textbook, _____8____ uses many examples toteach students some good ways to use the Internet. It gives useful advice.
Some students also make ____9____ on theInternet. But if you want to have a face-to-face ____10_____ (meet) with youronline friends, let your parents know and meet in a proper place.
(2)
Rivers are one of our most important naturalresources. Many of the world’s great _____1____ are located on rivers, andalmost ____2_____ country has at least one river flowing through it that plays_____3_____ important part in the lives of its people.
Since the beginning of history, people_____4_____ (use) rivers for transportation. The longest one in the United States is the Mississippi,and the lifeline of Egypt isthe Nile. _____5_____ transportation, riversgive water to drink, water for crops, and chances for fun and recreation forthe people _____6___ live along their banks.
However, large cities and industries thatare located on rivers often make problems. As the cities grow ____7_____ sizeand industries increase in number, the water in the rivers becomes _____8_____(pollute) with chemicals and other materials. People are learning the_____9_____ (important) of doing more to keep their rivers clean ____10______they want to enjoy the benefits of this natural resource.
(3)
Liu Xiang was the first Asian ______1_____(win) the men’s 110m hurdlesat the Olympics in Athens.______2____ that he became an idol(偶像) to the youngpeople.
“I never thought I would run under 13seconds and break the Olympic ____3____.”said Liu Xiang in tears, “I am veryvery excited. I’m proud not just for myself and for Chinese ____4____ for Asia. My race went ______5_____ (wonderful) from start tofinish.” Liu added. “It is _____6_____ amazing experience being the Olympicchampion. I want to thank my coach and my friends for _____7____their help. Ithink today we Chinese have showed the world we ____8_____ run as fast asanybody else.”
Since his return from Athens, Liu Xiang has been at the center of amedia circus and he has been to many press appearances and meetings. ____9____Liu thinks 2004 is just the beginning, and he expects to be at his peak in the2008 Beijing Olympics. Liu said, “For some players, it’s just a job. For me,it’s ____10____ I love.”
(4)
Will _____1____ matter if you don’t takeyour breakfast? Recently a test _____2_____ (give) in the United Sates. Thosetests included people of different _____3_____ from 12 to 83. During theexperiment, these people were given all kinds of breakfasts, and sometimes theygot ______4______ breakfast at all. Special tests were set up to see______5_____ well their bodies worked and when they had eaten _______6_____certain kind of breakfast. The results show that if a person eats a properbreakfast, he or she will work with better effect _____7______ if he or she hasno breakfast. This fact appears to be ______8______ (especial) true if a personworks _____9____ his brains. For example, if a student eats fruit, eggs, breadand milk before going to school, he will learn more quickly and listen with_____10____ (much) attention in class.
(5)
Enough sleep is important to health. Theamount of sleep needed _____1_____ on the age of the person and the conditionsin ______2____ sleep takes place. The young may need more sleep than_____3_____ old, but usually eight hours are enough for the health ofgrown-ups. Some can do with _____4_____ than this amount, but others may need more.Every person knows his own need. _____5_____ is then a matter of good judgmentto satisfy his need. Sleep _____6_____ always be enough to make one bring backhis ______7____ (strong) and get ready for a day’s work.
Fresh air is necessary to sound sleep. So itis not ______8_____ reason for some people to think that it is practicable tosleep in the open air. A bath at bedtime, _____9_____ hot nor cool but of bodytemperature, may be helpful to sleep. Sleepproducing drug(帮助睡眠的药物) should never be taken except when _______10_____ (suggest) by adoctor.
(6)
Snake dishes have become popular _____1___recent years. Snake meat in various flavors (风味) is often seen inrestaurant ads. Eating snake seems to be now in vogue(盛行),and if you haven’t eaten snake yet, you ____2___(consider) “out of date”. But Iwonder______3___ all the trends are worth following.
Some people may defend themselves ____4_____ sayingthat snake meat is nutritious. But these people don’t realize that many parasites(寄生虫)，____5_____do harm to our health, are found inside snakes.
According _____6____ a survey, about 1000 tons ofsnakes are eaten every year in Chinaand sometimes as ______7____ as 10 tons of snakes are served on dinner tablesin Shenzhen in a single day!
These figures warns us that if no action is taken,_____8____ number of snakes will drop and make an increase in mice and wormspopulation, which will ____9_____ in a decrease(减产) of crop output. Whowill see such tragedy happen?
So let’s start not to eat snakes any morebecause “to protect the snake is to protect _____10_____.”
(7)
A few years ago, SARS ____1____ out in the mainland ofChina,causing some people _____2_____ (kill) or nearly got close to death. The situationwas so severe that there was_____3___ time to debate who is to blame. The mostimportant thing for the government to do is to find out the ______4____ of thisdeadly disease. They invited all the most _____5______ (experience) experts inthis field to discuss and quite a few suggestions were put forward. Some of thetop experts then tested them to see _____6____ they were available. DoctorZhong Nanshan chose one patient who was seriously ill and had littlehope_____7____ picking up and had the new medicine tested on him. _____8_____his great joy, this patient recovered! He made his way to his office andtelephoned the top official, _____9____ (tell) him this exciting news. Forconvenience, he moved to live in his office. His method did make sense. Not soonafter that, the ____10____ hospitals also controlled this terrible disease andkicked it out finally.
(8)
I asked my uncle, who plays ____1_____ piano well,_____2____ he would assess (评定) the tone of a second hand piano I washoping to buy. We arrived _____3____ the house and Uncle Frank looked the pianoover, then _____4____ (sit) down and played a mixture of honky-tonk numbers andclassical pieces. When he finished, we told the family that we would call_____5_____ in 15 minutes.
Outside, Uncle Frank said that ______6_____ the woodwas battered (坏掉的)，the sound was good and we should buy it.
When I phoned the woman back, she sounded as if shewas crying. ______7____ (concern), I asked, “What’s the matter?”
“We didn’t know the piano _____8______ play likethat,” she replied. The piano wasn’t _____9_____ sale, and her daughter had toresume(重新开始) taking piano _____10_____.
(9)
In North Americapeople are always in ____1____ hurry. Children have special lessons or sportsactivities _____2_____ school. Parents often work late and ______3_____ gethome until 7 or 8 o’clock at night. Most North American families don’t havetime to prepare a meal. That is ______4_____ fast food is so popular in North America. People _____5_____ about 40% of theirdollars on fast food.
People usually buy fast food from restaurant chainssuch as Pizza Hut, McDonald’s, or KFC,_____6____ they can enjoy pizza,sandwiches, fried chicken, and so on. Fast food saves work and time, but it isnot ______7_____ (nutrition).
Fast food is popular in many countries. Americanfast-food companies now have restaurants all over the world. But not_____8_____ is happy about the spread(扩展) of North Americanfast food. A group of people in Italywant to fight _____9____ the spread of American fast food. They don’t like the ideaof more fast food chains ______10______(open) restaurants in their country.
(10)
Many people keep small fish ____1____ pets.They keep them in a tank of water. The tank is made of glass. People can_____2____ through it. They can see inside the tank and watch the fish.
The fish need room. They mustn’t be crowded.They need ____3____ to breathe.
______4____ mustbe enough water for all fish. So the size of the tank is very important.
In the tank people put small plants_____5_____ are good for fish. They give oxygen to the water. Plants help inother ways, too. They can hide _____6____ the plants and sleep, lay eggs there.
The fish ____7____ be kept in water all thetime. Some can jump high. So the tank should be covered. This keeps the fish_____8_____ (jump) out.
The fish need food and should be fed everyday. But ______9____ you give them too much food, it is very bad, for the extrafood will fall to the bottom and make the water dirty. So the fish should getjust enough food and finish _____10____ in ten minutes. Nothing should be left.
参考答案
(1) 1 A 2useful 3 and 4 in 5 they 6 if 7 It 8 which 9 friends
10 meeting
(2) 1 cities 2 every/each 3 an 4 have used 5 Besides 6 who 7 in
8 polluted 9 importance 10 if
(3) 1 to win 2 After 3 record 4 but (also) 5 wonderfully 6 an 7 all
8 can 9 But 10 what
(4) 1 it 2 was given 3 ages 4 no 5 how 6 a 7than 8 especially
9 with 10 more
(5) 1 depends 2 which 3 the 4 less 5 It 6should 7 strength 8 without
9 neither 10 suggested
(6) 1 in 2are considered 3 if/whether 4 by 5which 6 to 7 many
8 the 9 result 10 ourselves
(7) 1 broke 2 to be killed 3 no 4cause 5 experienced 6 whether/if 7 of
8 To 9 telling 10 other
(8) 1 the 2 whether/if 3 at 4 sat 5 them 6 though/although 7 Concerned 8 could/should 9 for 10 lessons
(9) 1 a 2after 3 don’t 4 why 5 spend 6 where 7 nutritious
8 everyone/everybody 9 against 10 opening
(10) 1as 2 look 3 oxygen 4 There 5 that/which 6 among 7 must/should
8 jumping 9 if 10 it